Reflective smartphone disengagement: Conceptualization, measurement, and validation

The present paper develops a new concept, called Reflective Smartphone Disengagement (RSD), defined as individuals’ deliberate efforts to control and restrict smartphone use. Based on the reflective-impulsive model, we examined RSD concept in four studies, using cross-sectional data of adolescents (Study 1, N = 453, Study 3, 760) adults 4, 672), well panel 2, 461). In findings from exploratory confirmatory factor analyses supported one-dimensionality scale. found evidence for high test–retest reliability discriminant validity, terms predictive negatively predicted excessive use, information overload, social availability norm over time. 3 demonstrated convergent validity with negative relationship trait nomophobia positive one self-reflection. 4 confirms structural shorter version We discuss avenues future research broader implications field. • develop (RSD) is There structural, predictive, discriminant, validity. relates overload norm. related positively